In Ohio, patients harmed by negligent health care must follow specific procedures outlined in state personal injury law to bring a medical negligence litigation claim.
Under the Ohio Medical Malpractice Statute (Ohio Revised Code § 2305.113), victims generally have one year from the date they discovered the injury—or reasonably should have—to file a lawsuit.
In cases involving death, surviving family members may bring wrongful death lawsuits against hospitals, physicians, or other medical providers whose actions led to the loss.
To move forward with a claim, the injured party must prove that the provider owed a duty of care, breached that duty, and directly caused serious harm or death as a result.
Ohio also requires a detailed affidavit of merit from a qualified medical expert to confirm that the case has a valid basis.
This rule is intended to prevent frivolous claims but also makes medical malpractice cases highly complex.
An experienced attorney can guide clients through each step—gathering records, consulting experts, and preparing evidence to hold doctors or facilities accountable.
The process can take time, especially when insurance companies and defense teams challenge the facts of the case.
With the right legal support, patients and families can build a strong case and seek compensation for the harm they’ve suffered.
Here are the key steps involved in pursuing a medical malpractice case in Ohio:
- Initial consultation with a medical malpractice lawyer – Discuss the injury, treatment received, and whether negligence may have occurred.
- Collection and review of medical records – Your legal team obtains and examines all relevant documents from hospitals, clinics, and providers.
- Expert medical review and affidavit of merit – A qualified expert evaluates the case and provides the required affidavit to move the claim forward.
- Filing the complaint – Your attorney files a formal lawsuit in court, naming the negligent providers or institutions as defendants.
- Pre-trial discovery and depositions – Both sides exchange evidence, question witnesses under oath, and build their respective cases.
- Negotiations and potential settlement – The legal teams may engage in settlement discussions to resolve the matter without trial.
- Trial (if necessary) – If no agreement is reached, the case proceeds to trial, where a jury determines liability and awards damages.
- Appeals or post-trial motions – After trial, either party may file appeals or request changes to the judgment.
- Disbursement of compensation – If successful, funds are distributed to cover medical expenses, lost wages, pain and suffering, and other damages.
- Ongoing legal support – Your attorney continues to provide assistance if future legal or medical developments arise related to the case.
Gathering Evidence for Medical Malpractice Claims
In medical malpractice claims, evidence is critical to proving that a healthcare provider failed to meet the accepted standard of care.
Without clear, well-documented proof, it is extremely difficult to establish negligence or link the provider’s actions to the patient’s injury or death.
Evidence must demonstrate both what went wrong and how the mistake directly caused harm.
A strong evidentiary record is often the deciding factor in whether a case succeeds in settlement or trial.
Types of evidence in medical malpractice cases include:
- Medical records detailing treatment, diagnoses, and procedures
- Expert witness opinions confirming deviations from standard care
- Hospital and surgical reports, including operative notes
- Diagnostic imaging, test results, and lab reports
- Written communications between the patient and provider
- Medication logs and pharmacy records
- Witness statements from nurses, other doctors, or support staff
- Documentation of follow-up care and resulting complications
- Employment or disciplinary records of the provider involved
- Photographs of physical injuries or conditions caused by the negligence
Damages in Medical Malpractice Cases
In personal injury litigation, damages refer to the financial compensation awarded to victims to cover the physical, emotional, and financial harm they have suffered.
In medical malpractice cases, damages are designed to make the injured party whole by addressing both measurable costs and long-term consequences.
These may include the cost of medical care, loss of income, pain and suffering, and the impact on quality of life.
Compensation calculated is often based on the severity of the injury, future medical needs, and the extent to which the malpractice has altered the victim’s ability to function or work.
Common types of damages in medical malpractice cases include:
- Medical expenses for corrective treatment, surgeries, and ongoing care
- Future medical costs related to long-term complications
- Lost wages and diminished earning capacity
- Pain and suffering caused by the injury and its aftermath
- Emotional distress and psychological trauma
- Loss of enjoyment of life or daily functioning
- Disability or permanent impairment
- Wrongful death damages, including funeral costs and loss of financial support
- Punitive damages in rare cases involving gross negligence or intentional misconduct